Предлагаемые упражнения можно использовать для работы над темой “Словообразование” при подготовке в олимпиаде по английскому языку в 10-м и 11-м классах.
Наталья КОБЫСЬ,
учитель английского языка
ГУО «Гимназия имени Я.Купалы» г. Мозыря,
Гомельская область
Complete the sentences using the correct form of the words.
Exercise 1
It is the 1) … (RESPONSE) of every generation to maintain and protect the environment. However, there is a 2) … (TEND) for people to take it for granted, and not do enough to look after it. There are several reasons why this happens, but some of the main ones are that people are too busy or they don’t think it’s their problem. There is a 3) … (SHORT) of natural resources and we can’t afford to be 4) … (CARE) with them any more. If we continue to waste them at the present rate, we will 5) … (DANGER) future generations and the consequences could be 6) … (DISASTER). The good news is that it’s not too late to do something about it. There are lots of things that ordinary people can do to help, such as 7) … (RECYCLE) using public transport instead of cars, and conserving water and energy. In addition, governments should pass laws to make sure that companies don’t destroy the environment in the pursuit of profit. In 8) … (CONCLUDE), I believe that 9) … (PROTECT) the environment is everyone’s 10) …(RESPONSE). I hope that this essay has been both 11) … (INFORM) and 12) … (EDUCATE), and that you will now make the right 13) … (CHOOSE) and do your bit to save the planet.
Exercise 2
When the famous writer, Mr. Jones, first arrived at the university, he was not very well received by the students. They thought he was rather eccentric and a bit of a snob. His long white hair and beard made him look like an old wizard. He often wore a big black cloak and carried a walking stick. He never smiled and rarely spoke to anyone. It was rumoured that he hated young people and 1) … (TREAT) his students.
However, in spite of his 2) … (FRIEND) manner, his lectures were always full. Students from all faculties attended them. The subject of his lectures was ‘The 3) … (TREAT) of Animals in Literature’. This seemed an 4) … (LIKE) topic for a whole series of lectures but it turned out to be fascinating.5) … (LUCK), I never had the opportunity to attend one of them myself.
One day, as he was leaving the lecture theatre, a group of animal rights activists surrounded him. They accused him of being cruel to animals and 6) … (THREAT) to throw red paint over his precious cloak. The police were called and there was some scuffling, but Mr. Jones remained calm throughout the incident.
A few months later, Mr. Jones died 7) … (SUDDEN). The cause of death was given as a heart attack. Rumours began to 8) … (CIRCLE) that he had been poisoned by the animal rights activists. There was a great deal of 9) … (SPECULATE) in the press about the motive for the murder. Some people believed that the activists had killed him because they thought he had discovered their plans to ruin his reputation. Others thought that the students who hated him had somehow managed to poison him. However, the 10) … (RAPID) of his death suggested that he had been poisoned before the incident and that his death was unrelated to it.
The 11) … (SENSE) of modern laboratory equipment 12) … (ABLE) forensic scientists to discover traces of poison in Mr. Jones’s body. This ability to identify poisons after death will help to ensure that no murderer escapes justice and that no innocent person is wrongly accused of murder.
Exercise 3
Dear Sir or Madam,
Thank you for your letter of 23 June. I am sorry that I have not written before, but I have been away from the office at short notice.
I would like to express my deep concern about what is happening to the elephants in this country. I have just returned from a safari where I was able to watch these 1) … (MAGNIFY) animals at dusk and dawn in their 2) … (NATURE) environment. It was an 3) … (FORGET) experience. I am sure that if people were more aware of the problems facing elephants, they would be keen to help them.
I enclose a copy of an article which appeared in last month’s magazine. As you will see, it highlights the fact that many elephants are still being killed for their ivory. I believe that the situation is now so serious that immediate action must be taken. I suggest that the government introduces new laws to protect elephants. These should ban the sale of ivory 4) … (COMPLETE) and make it 5) … (LEGAL) to kill elephants except by order of the authorities.
I hope you find these 6) … (SUGGEST) helpful. If you would like any further information, please do not hesitate to contact me.
Yours 7) … (FAITH),
John Smith (Mr)
Exercise 4
In the 19th century, when people were more 1) … (RELIGION) than they are today, Sunday was a day of rest and prayer. In some countries, it was even 2) … (LEGAL) to do any work on Sundays without special 3) … (PERMIT). This has all changed now, and in most Western countries, Sunday is just a normal day, with shops open and people working.
However, many people still have strong 4) … (BELIEVE) about what you should and should not do on a Sunday. A survey by The Observer newspaper in the UK found that over half of British people think that shops should be closed on Sundays, and a similar number believe that Sunday lunch should 5) … (LONG) at least an hour and a half. In fact, the survey revealed that there is a long list of 6) … (ACT) that are considered ‘normal’ for a Sunday, and others that are not. For example, 68% of people thought it was OK to go for a walk on a Sunday morning, but only 4% thought it was 7) … (ACCEPT) to go shopping in the afternoon.8) … (INTEREST), 37% of people said they would like the weekend to be longer, but only 5% thought that Sunday should be added to the weekend.
The idea that Sunday is 9) … (DIFFER) from other days of the week is also reflected in the language. Most languages have a word for the day before Sunday (for example, Saturday in English, samedi in French), which comes from the Jewish and Christian belief that God created the world in six days and then rested on the seventh. In English, we use the adjective ’10) … (GLORY)’ to describe a 11) … (BEAUTY) sunny Sunday, and we talk about ‘Sunday best’, meaning the special clothes you wear to church or on special occasions. On the other hand, if someone is very slow or lazy, we might call them a ‘Sunday driver’ or say that they are ‘taking it easy on a Sunday afternoon’.
Of course, these are generalisations, and not everyone feels the same way about Sundays. In fact, some people find it 12) … (OFFEND) to be told what they should or should not do on a particular day of the week. What is certain is that Sunday will continue to be different from other days of the week, whether we are working, shopping or just taking it easy on a 13) … (FROST) cold winter morning. To apply for a 14) … (MEMBER) or 15) … (REVISION) your beliefs about Sundays, you may need to require some 16) … (PERMIT) from your community.
Exercise 5
I was having an alarming 1) … (CONVERSE) with my friend, John. I had been talking to him about my 2) … (ORDER) and how tired I felt and he had expressed concern for me. He said that if my 3) … (ANXIOUS) continued to get worse, it might be 4) … (WISE) for me to live alone in a house as big as mine.
‘You know,’ John said, ‘it’s really dark out here at night. It can be 5) … (TRUE) scary.’
He then went on to tell me that he thought I should move in with him. He said that he cared about me and didn’t want anything bad to happen to me. The way he said it, though, made it sound like he was the one who was 6) … (THREAT) me.
I was shocked by his 7) … (SUGGEST). I told him that I didn’t need to move in with him, but he kept insisting that it would be better for my health. 8) … (FINALE), I hung up on him.
Now I’m starting to think that maybe he’s right. Maybe I do need to move out of this house. There have been a lot of 9) … (THIEF) in this 10) … (NEIGHBOUR) lately and I don’t want any of my 11) … (VALUE) to get stolen. I’m also worried that I might 12) … (ACCIDENT) leave the stove on and burn down the house. I think I’ll take John’s advice and look into getting some 13) … (INSURE) on my house.
Exercise 6
The most 1) … (DESIRE) house in the world is 2) … (CURRENT) for sale, with an asking price of £70 million. The property, known as the ‘White House’, is 3) … (FAME) for being the home of Barack Obama, who lived there from 2009 to 2017. However, there are other 4) … (EXPLAIN) for its 5) … (DESIRE): its location in Washington DC, its historical 6) … (IMPORTANT) and its role as a symbol of American power. The White House has been the residence of every US president since John Adams in 1800, except for George Washington. He was 7) … (AWARE) of its 8) … (GREAT) because it hadn’t been built yet!
The 9) … (INHABIT) of the White House have faced many challenges, including failure and 10) … (CONVICT) during their time in office. Despite these obstacles, the White House has remained a symbol of American content and daily life. Its role as the center of the US government and the home of the President has made it a 11) … (HUMOUR) but desirable destination for both citizens and 12) … (VISIT) alike.
Exercise 7
The journey was 1) … (END), and the 2) … (NEW) of the situation made it all the more 3) … (DESIRE). The 4) … (ABLE) to acceptably predict the time of 5) … (ARRIVE) added to his 6) … (ANXIOUS). He couldn’t help but think about the 7) … (ARGUE) he had with his wife before leaving. If only he could 8) … (ARRANGE) the words he said, perhaps things would be different. But that’s not how life works, he thought.
As he stared out of the window, he noticed a group of birds flying in perfect 9) … (FORM). The 10) … (ASSOCIATE) of their 11) … (MOVE) brought him a sense of calm. It reminded him of the time he spent at his grandparents’ farm as a child. The 12) … (AWARE) of those memories gave him hope that things would work out in the end.
Finally, the train arrived at its 13) … (DESTINE). He stepped off the platform and into the bustling city. The noise and chaos were overwhelming at first, but he soon found his rhythm. He walked through the streets, taking in the sights and sounds of this new place. Despite the initial 14) … (BELIEVE) that he was actually here, he felt a sense of 15) … (BELONG).
He knew there would be challenges ahead, but he also knew that he had made the right 16) … (DECIDE). Life is full of 17) … (CERTAIN), he thought, but sometimes you just have to take a leap of faith and see where it leads you.
Exercise 8
The 1) … (WRITE) timetable for the world’s most 2) … (WORLD) spoken language, Mandarin Chinese, is that it takes about 2,200 hours to learn. But many people are 3) … (WILLING) or unable to devote so much time to study. So a team of 4) … (RESEARCH) has developed a new app called ‘Jiajia’ to help 5) … (USE) learn the language faster and more 6) … (EFFECT). The app uses artificial intelligence (AI) to create a virtual tutor who can interact with the user in real time.
The AI tutor is based on Jiajia, a 7) … (WEALTH) young woman from Beijing who speaks perfect English and Chinese. In a series of videos, she teaches users how to speak Mandarin, corrects their 8) … (PRONOUNCE), and gives them tips on grammar and vocabulary. Users can also chat with Jiajia and ask her questions about China and its culture.
The 9) … (RESEARCH) have used machine learning to make the AI tutor even smarter. The app can now understand users’ mistakes and suggest ways to improve. It can also adapt its teaching style to suit individual 10) … (LEARN). For example, if a user prefers visual learning, the app will show them pictures and videos instead of just text.
According to early tests, Jiajia can teach users basic Mandarin in just 100 hours. This is a huge 11) … (IMPROVE) on the 12) … (TRADITION) method of language learning, which can take months or even years. The app is now 13) … (AVAIL) to download for free on Android and iOS devices. The app’s 14) … (SOLVE) to the challenge of learning Mandarin has the potential to make the language more 15) … (ACCESS) to a wider audience, 16) … (REGARD) of their 17) … (QUALIFY) or 18) … (TIME).
Exercise 9
The importance of sport
Many people think that sport is useful only for keeping fit. However, research shows that it can also help us to learn at school and in the workplace, and to overcome serious 1) … (ILL). It can even improve our chances of living longer.
Sport and education
Sport teaches us important life skills such as teamwork and decision-making. It can also 2) … (COURAGE) us to work harder and achieve more. A study of 25,000 students in California found that those who 3) … (REGULAR) took part in sport were six times more likely to go to university than those who did no sport. Another study, in Norway, showed that students who did well in team sports achieved higher grades in their exams.
Sport and work
Many 4) … (EMPLOY) look for evidence of 5) … (ACHIEVE) outside work when they are deciding whom to employ or promote. Sport provides clear 6) … (PROVE) of a person’s 7) … (ABLE) to set goals, to work hard and to be reliable. It also shows how 8) … (AMBITION) and determined they are. For example, a survey of over 400 women in the US found that those who played 9) … (COMPETE) sport at school or college earned 7% more than those who did not.
Sport and health
Regular exercise is one of the best ways to avoid serious illnesses such as heart disease, stroke and some cancers. It can also help to prevent and treat mental health problems such as stress and depression. In addition, sport can be used to support the 10) … (TREAT) of conditions such as 11) … (OBESE) and drug addiction.
Sport and life 12) … (EXPECT)
Research from the University of Sydney in Australia suggests that doing regular exercise can add years to your life, even if you are very13) … (WEIGH). The study followed 200,000 adults for six years and found that those who did two and a half hours of moderate exercise a week, such as walking or gardening, lived on average 1.8 years longer than those who did no exercise.
In14) … (CONCLUDE), sport is not just good for the body, it is also 15) … (BENEFIT) to the mind and the community. It 16) … (ABLE) us to learn important skills, to overcome 16) … (HARD) and to achieve our goals. It also 18) … (STRONG) our 19) … (RELATE) with others and increases our chances of living a long and 20) … (HEALTH) life.
Exercise 10
The 1) … (INVENT) of the Wheel
In ancient times, there were no cars or aeroplanes and people had to walk everywhere. Many animals were used for carrying things, but they had their 2) … (ABLE).
One day, a man called Og was walking along a path when he 3) … (ACCIDENT) kicked a small round stone. It rolled ahead of him and then stopped. Og watched it 4) … (ACCURATE). He picked it up and threw it as far as he could. It travelled through the air and landed some distance away. Og couldn’t understand why the stone behaved like that. He looked at it very accurately and noticed that one side of it was flatter than the other. He spent the whole night thinking about the stone and finally came up with an idea. He found a piece of wood and put the stone on top of it. Then he hit the stone with another stone. It moved forward! Og was so happy that he jumped up and down and shouted. He had just activated the wheel!
Og’s invention became very popular. People began to use wheels for 5) … (TRANSPORT) heavy things. They built carts and carriages and made chariots for 6) … (TRAVEL). They discovered that the wheel was also 7) … (USE) for making pottery. The potter’s wheel was easy to make and it quickly became part of everyday life. Nowadays, wheels are everywhere — in factories, offices and homes.
They are even in computers and mobile phones. The wheel is one of the most 8) … (ADVENTURE) and 9) … (AFFORD) inventions in history. However, the invention of the wheel was not just a one-time event. It was the result of Og’s 10) … (AIM) exploration and 11) … (ANGRY) trying to understand the stone’s 12) … (BEHAVE). The wheel’s 13) … (ANNOUNCE) and annual use have made it an integral part of our modern world.
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